Microplastics may increase risk of fatty liver disease
Fatty liver disease, also known as Metabolic Dysfunction Associated Steatotic Liver Disease, is caused by a build up of fat in the liver and affects one third of the adult global population. Many factors contribute to fatty liver disease including diet, obesity, insulin resistance, genes, and gut dysbiosis.
Steatosis: Accumulation of fat, with no damage to the liver
Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis: Accumulation of fat has caused inflammation in the liver
Fibrosis: The liver is damaged but is still working
Cirrhosis: There is severe damage to the liver, which affects its function and can lead to serious health problems
Plastic induced liver injury
The liver is a major organ of the reticuloendothelial system, which clears foreign particles like microplastics in blood circulation. This means that the liver is repeatedly exposed to microplastics and nanoplastics, which can trigger oxidative stress, fibrogenesis, and inflammation.
Recent studies have shown that the presence and accumulation of microplastics and nanoplastics in the liver can contribute to fatty liver disease. Microplastics and nanoplastics cause oxidative stress and inflammation, which exacerbates high fat diet induced liver fibrosis.
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Plastic packaging
A study on polyethylene, which is commonly used in food packaging, found that polyethylene exposure led to increased signs of fatty liver disease. When combined with a diet high in fat, sugars, and cholesterol, polyethylene further contributes to liver damage.
The researchers discovered that polyethylene activated the protein PPAR-alpha, which regulates fat production in the liver. They also identified the gene ANXA2, which is involved in tissue repair. Identifying this pathway helps explain how polyethylene influences liver health and can point researchers towards potential therapies.Prevention and treatment
The contribution of microplastics to fatty liver disease can be prevented by limiting exposure to microplastics. Where possible, it is best to avoid plastic packaging and plastic cooking utensils, choose natural fibres, and ventilate living areas. Although microplastics are unavoidable, researchers have found that dietary fiber can bind to microplastics and reduce their absorption into the bloodstream.
Fatty liver disease can often be treated through lifestyle changes, by eating a balanced diet, exercising, and limiting alcohol. Medication can also be prescribed alongside lifestyle changes If the liver is damaged.
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For more information contact: info@scarabtrust.org.uk
Image: Warning: Plastic is in your body - Image: YuriArcursPeopleimages; graphic: Stefan Setchell (ST ref: 1286)
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